Electric motor



esr Av LAB'LE ccm` s.. E'. L `Sheet Sheet I' ELECTRIC MOTUR.

(No Model.)

4No. 356,878. Patented Peb. l, .1887.

BEST AVAILABLE COF" 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

iE. J. HOUSTON;

i ELE'IRIC MOTOR.

(No Model.)

Patented Pa. 1, 18871 No. 356,878V

BEST AVAILABLE COF" l4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

E. J, 'HOUSTON ELECTRIC MOTOR.

(No Model.)

BEST AVMLABLE COF"A v Y( 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

`.E.J.HoUs'mN. ELECTRIC, MOTOR.

l y Patented Feb. 1. 1887. f

'Wt/w essefs.'

I0 ease, economy, and compact ness in the oon- 25 the frame.

UNITED STATES BEST AVAsLAsLE CCP PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN JAMES HoUs'roN, or PrnLADnLPI-HA, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIGNoR r ro 'InnfinoMsoN-noUsroN ELECTRIC COMPANY, oF CONNECTICUT.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 356,878, dated February1, 1887/.

Application filed January lt.

'To a-ZZ whom it may concern;

Be it known 1 lun l, lmrINJAnI-:s HousroN, n. citizen ol" thetlnitedStates, and a resident l vof Philadelphia, in the counlyol' Philadelphiaand State ol lennsylranitu hareiui'ented cer'- tain new and usefulImprovementsiu Electric Motors, ot' which the following is a specilica-'tion.

The objects ot' my invention are to secure struction ol'electro-dynamicnml-.erste increase the economy ot' their operation, audto permit theirworking at relatively high rates of Speed without the proportion ofenergy they develop 'being considerably reduced.

-The tirst part of my invention relates to the consti-notion andnrrangcmcnt of the field- Inaguet frame and its pole-pieces.

' :Figure 1 is n. perspective View of a field- -mngnet l'rameenil'lodying inyinvention. Fig. 2 illustrates a modification in the formthereof. Fig. {1l-shows a. way of building up th'e fieldinagnct framefrom a number of separa-te pieces. Fig. 4 shows another Way of makingFig. 5 illustrates a inodilication Yin the shape of the frame. Fig. (ishows the manner ofapplying the exciting coil or coils. Fig. 7.ill'ustrntesa detail ofthe field-magnet. Figs. 8 and 9 are diagrams ol'connections. `3o Fig. 10 illust-rates a further modification in the.forni of the iield-maguet. Fig-1l illustrates diagramina'toall y amodified windingr 0f the field-magnets. Fig. -12 shows in perspective aforni'of the armature. Fig. 13 shows one of the plates from which thearmatur e` IEig. l2, is iliade. Fig. 14- showsanothertfoninf ol'armature thnt may ,be nsctljwith the-fieldmagnet. f l

ln Fig. l of the accompanying-drawings is 4,0y shown lhc general iornt lgive .tothelieldmagnet l'raines. This consists, asfsllowu, of it.-ihollow cylindrical frame, l\Ii\I','ol` malleable cast-iron or othersuitable material, furnished. with exterior' longitudinal slotsorrecesses S" extendingr through the entire length of the cylinder andsituated at opposteextrcnitit-s otono of its diameters. This slot isprovided for thelt-ld-inngnet coil or coils, wound preferably in twosections, and placed as 5o shown at C C C' C', Fig. 6.

N and S are the magnetic pole-pieces, which strani No. 116,225. (No maninr this case are formed of a portionrofthe oylindrical mass oftheticld-magnct't'ranie, their position being dependent on the positionofthe Coil C C C' C' on the outside ofthe cylindrical 55 field M M."When itis desired to give greater deliniteness of position to thepole-pieces, the` shape ofthe cylindrical magnet-,frame is modiiied, asshown in Fig. V2,Where 'edges or lips `e e l and e c nreformed on thepole-pieces N and 6o S, in the manner shown. In this case, thelongitudinnlj slotfszor v.openings :o` o and o' o", that extendtheentire length ofthe cylindrical frame, are utilized for theyloeation ofa. coiLor coils of wire, X X, Fig. 6, the arrangement and function ofwhich form another feature of .my invention, which will be morefully-.ex-

plained ,herenafteixH In order to provide for the ventilationl of thevarmut-ure aud.- frame, openingsare providedat Q Q Q and Q' Q Q', asshownin Fig. 2; or t-hese openings may be provided as at Q" Q," Q" Q", 'x'c.,Fig. i, extending longitudinally throughout the entire length from endto end, as shown.

There the shaft `of theinot-or is not directly coupled to the'shaftlto'be driven., feet F F F, otany snitableform and position, areprovided.In order to preventv 'the circulation of inbe produced by cuttin g thefield-magnet frame,

as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, transversely byplanes pcrpendioularlyto theaxis of the eylindrical frame. f This division of the magnet- -frame isshow-n iuFig. 3, where the separate sections h h k h and h h'h'h',formed of sheet- Q0 iron, thin plates of-cast-iron, or other suitable.material 4re separately insulated from one another and secured betweenthe iron end plates, E E and EE', by the bolts Y Y Y Y', the., as shown.

In order to secure greater ense of construction,I sometimes form thecylindrical magnetfrauie by the malleable-iron casting, shaped as shownin Fig. 4, where the ribsT T T'T, 8:0., supported by the flanges T T,have the spaces Z Z Z, &c. Y

1 do not confine myself to ,the true cylindri- IOO cal form -of outlineof the eld-magnet frame, since one of the objects of this form of frameis to obtain ahold-magnet frame in which the north and south polarity ofthe pole-pieces N 5 and S can be obtained with but practically oractually asingle field-magnet coil.` It will be evident that thisfeature can be obtained by a great variety of forms of magnet-frameswith out departing from the essential features'of the xo invention. Ihave shown, for cxamp1e,in Fig. 5, another form of iieldunagnet frame inwhich ,space is provided for a much larger magnetcoil. Int-his case thepieces M M M', 85e., are modified in shape inthe manner shown. Nor

r 5 do I confine myself to the use of the field-mag- A net framein-which Aa single'coil or bobbin wound in two r'more or less sectionsis employed te obtain-its north and south polarity for the fieri-magnetframe yof an electro-dynamic motor, since it is also applicable to theuse of any dynamo-electro machine, whether for lighting, for plating, orfor other purposes.

The magnetframe so provided is wound with 'a single coil, C C C' C',wound in two or more z 5 sections, which surrounds the framelongitudinally in the manner as shown in Fig. 6.

c Since the armature rotates inside the fieldunagnet coilit is evidentthat` suitable means must be provided for the readyintrodnction 3o orremoval of the armature. This I effect as follows, viz: I form thecylindrical magnetframe in such a manner that a part thereof may bereadily removed, sol as to permit the armature to be moved in or outthrough the longitudinal opening so provided. The shape and arrangementof these movable pieces are shown in Figs.- 2, 3 by the dotted lines.

In Figs. 4 and 5 the joint between the two portions is indicated at mi.The field-magnet- 40 coil sections C C and C C' are wound separately.

The first half, C C, may, if so desired, be placed permanently inposition in the space S" S".'; The armature is then inserted and theremaining half of the field-magnet coils C C is then slipped on and theremovable part of the cy# lindrical magnetframe is placed in positionand securely attached by any. suitable means-' such as bolts or bands. Ihave shown one of these in Fig. 4, where openings are left in the 5oremovable piece for the passage of the bolts b b, screwedinto the fixedpiece. The nuts n n afterward hold the two pieces together; or they maybe held together by the end pieces, W W,

' that support the'axis at A.. '55 In order to permit the ready removalof the coil-sections (i C aud-C' C', I prefer' to wind each on asuitableinsulated form. Then the armature and coils are placed in position, ametallic end plate, Wi W', of any suitable shape, 6o is securelyattached to the cylindrical magnet` frame and providcd.'\vith anopening, A. This plate forms the journals or bearings for the axis orshaft of the revolving armature.

In order to secure 'the ready introduction or removal of the arinature,Isometimes prefer to constructthe journals or bearings so that the partmarked W, and shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4,

may be detached..

I do not limit myself to the exact arrangement of parts herein describedand shown, since it is evident that the saine general effect may beobtained in a variety of ways. p `v`My invention consists, broadly, inthe combination, yin an electro-dynamic or dynamoelectric machine, of arevolving armature in combination with 'a single field-magnet oil in twoor more or less sections, said ileld-magnet coil completely surroundingthe armaturecoils throughout 'their entire length. By this methodofrcons'trnction I obtain the following advantagenviz., compactness andsimplicity of construction, and in case of repairing any damage that mayoccur to either the armature or to the field-magnet coil, the readyformation of apowerful magnetic iield that will respond promptly to anyvariations in thestrength of the electric lcurrent traversing its coils,the powerful effects produced by the induction of the coils ofv the'eldniagncts on the coils 'of the revolving armature which theycompletely surround, and complete protect-ion of 'the' revolvingarmature by the surrounding fieldmagnet frame--a feature that not onlysecures the armature itself from injury, but also prevents it fromreadily injuring 'anythingontside it during its rapid revolution.

lVhen the iieid magnet pole-pieces are shaped in themanner shown inFigs. 2, 3, 5, and 6, I wind coils of wire X X. Fig. 6, in the hollowspaces o o. These coils are [wound longitudinally in the manner shown inconnection with Fig. 7. Any size of wire may be employed on theseprojections; but as I generally place these coils in a shunt-circuit tothe field-magnet circuit, I prefer to wind them with iine wire in themar -fcr generally praciiced in the art. The direction of winding of theaccessory coils X X is such that the cu rrent passing through themproduces poles of the same name as that produced by the main coil orcoils C C C' C'. l

I have shown diagrammatically in Fig. 8 the manner in `which the coilsare connected in a shunt-circuit. C C CC' represent the magnetccil orcoils, and X X X X the coils on the projections of the pole-piecc. Thecoils areconnected as shown, a terminal of each end voi" the direct andshunt wire being connected to each of the brushes Il I-I of thecommutator Z Z Z. This method of winding, well known in the art, isespecially applicable to electro- ICO IIO

,dynamic notors constructed rin accordance with the principles `thecurrent ygenerated in the coil or coils C C C C'andX X X X bytherevolution of thearmature. There are, however, conditions under which Ideem it advisable to connect the wire of the coils .C C C C and X X X Xin series'f-that is, in one continued line, as indicated in Fig. 9. Insuch a case it is of course necessary to make the wife in each coil ofthe same diameter, so as to avoid undue resistance.

of my invention, owing 'toA In this event some modification isnecessary', in

'order to secure snicicnt space for the coils able for dynanio-clcctricmachines in general.`

In cases when itis desirable to employ it in the construction of motors,I place additionztl coils of fine wire, s z and z", andplace them in ashuntcircnit n-roundthe armature in the manner shown in connection withFig. 11. l. sometimes placecoils ol' fine wire in the space provided forthe coils G C C C' and in the position shown in Fig. 6 at'lV lV \V W'..In this case Ilplace these either in a, shunt-circuit around the coils CC C G' or around the brushes H H of the cominutator K KK. I may employeither one or both oftliese shuntcircuits on one and thc suinemotor-viz., the shnntcoils on` the projections of the polepieces and theshuntcoils on the main or direct magnets C C C t". In the magnetic fieldso provided I place any suitable armature-core provided with coils ofinsulated wire and a commntator. A-n armature suitable for this purposeis shown in Fig. 12, and consists of 'a shown in Fig. 14, which consistsof two Sie-l mens armatures placed on the samcshaft in postion at'rightangles to one another. I sonietimes-employ this plnu when a higheliieiency is not required. A

When but a single coil of wire is wound on the armature and used inconnection withal single coil of wire in the held-magnet frame, I obtainan electro-dynamic motor otgreat simplicity and fair economy.

NVhat I claim as in'y invention is- 1. In u dynamo-electric machine ormotor, the hollow cylindrical field-magnet frame M M',

'provided with longitudinal groovesor depression S S", on opposite sidesthereof, for thereception ofa tield-magnet coil wound over und over uponsaid frame in a plane passing directly through the armature.

2. A. cylindrical tield-n1ugnet frame having openings Q" QQ" Q", die.,Q' Q' Q', &c., and Q Q Q. extending asshown.

BEST AVAlLABLE COiD` 3. In an electro-dynamic inotor, a. cylindricalfield-magnet frame constructed with are- 6o movable longitudinal sectionfor th'e insertion or removal of the armature, substantially as shownand described.

4. In' an electrodynnniic motor, a. cylinf drical field-magnet frameprovided with alongitudinal space or groove, S" S", in combina.-

.tion with the pole-pieces e e and cc', and the spaces o o und o' o',for .the purpose of giving grentcrdcinitencss to tlieposition of thepoles v N and S, produced lfy'the field-magnet coil 7g wound -in thespa-cc or groove S" S".

l5. In an electro-dynan'iic motor, n cylin drical eldmagnct frameconsisting.. essentially, of the end pla-tes, E E and E'E', shaped :isshown, and pt gvided with bolts and nuts,

to clamp in position the separately-insulated plates I1. h hh, tic., ot'soft iron. or other suita- I ble material, so ns to forni or produce thehollow cylindrical frame provided with the longitudinal slots S" S" S",and the curved pole- 8.o

pieces N and S.

6. In nn electro-dynamic motor,` the cylin- (l1-ical field-magnetframc,'snbstantially as described and specified, in combination with asingle coil capable of division into two parts,

C C and C C', for the purpose specified.

7.. In an electro-dynamic motor, a. hollow cylindrical field-magnetframe provided with extended internal pole-pieces and wrapped with coilsX X', forthe purpose of increasing 9o;

the-polarityprodueed by the coils wound on theoutsideol'the cylindricalframe in the space provided therefor.

S. In auelectrodynamic motor, the hollow cylindrical eld-magnetfrmne,incombination 95 -with inwardly-extending grooves or slots for zoo thereception of the coils CC O'CAand the pro jecting pole-pieces N andS,with spaces for the coils X X X' X', connected -in series with the coilsC C and C' C'.

10. In a dynamo-electric machine or motor,

theeylindrical Held-magnet frame in which the pole-pieces N and S arewound with the accessory coils z z and z' z',-c onnected in a derivedcircuit around C C C C and X X X X'.

Signed at Philadelphia, in the county of uo Philadelphia and State ofPennsylvania, this 28th day of December, A. D. 1883.

EDWIN JAMES HOUSTON. Witnesses:

' J. R. MAssEY,

W. V. MAssEY. e

